Tweak Ubuntu Boot Processes & Runlevels
I personally like gui tools but I also tweak my bootable applications via the command line.
Here is what I use:
Command line tools:
rcconf - This tool configures system services in connection with system
This is my favorite cmd-line app
sysv-rc-conf - sysv-rc-conf provides a terminal GUI for managing "/etc/rc{runlevel}.d/"
symlinks. The interface comes in two different flavors, one that simply
allows turning services on or off and another that allows for more fine tuned
management of the symlinks. Unlike most runlevel config programs, you can
edit startup scripts for any runlevel, not just your current one.
runlevels. It turns on/off services using the scripts in
/etc/init.d/. Rcconf works with System-V style runlevel configuration.
It is a TUI(Text User Interface) frontend to the update-rc.d command.
GUI Tools:
bum - Boot-Up Manager is a graphical tool to allow easy configuration
of init services in user and system runlevels, as far as changing
Start/Stop services priority.
This baby kicks ass
services-admin - The standard services administration tool for ubuntu
A small known fact about this application is that you can rightclick on the service and change the run-level's
You can simply grab these tools via sudo apt-get install application-listed-above
Here is a quick explaination on Ubuntu & Linux runlevels that effect applications that boot:
Linux run levels are numbered 0 through 6. Run levels stop at six for practical and historical reasons, but it is entirely possible to have more if desired.
The following table summarizes the User Linux run levels:
* 0 System Halt
* 1 Single user
* 2 Full multi-user mode (Default)
* 3-5 Same as 2
* 6 System Reboot
Special Run Levels
Run level 0 is the system halt condition. Nearly all modern X86 computers will power off automatically when run level 0 is reached. Older X86 computers, and various different architectures will remain powered on and display a message referring to the halt condition.
Run Level 1 is known as ’single user’ mode. A more apt description would be ‘rescue’, or ‘trouble-shooting’ mode. In run level 1, no daemons (services) are started. Hopefully single user mode will allow you to fix whatever made the transition to rescue mode necessary.
(You can boot into single user mode typically by using your boot loader, lilo or grub, to add the word ’single’ to the end of the kernel command line).
Run levels 2 through 5 are full multi-user mode and are the same in a default User Linux (Debian) system. It is a common practice in other Linux distributions to use run level 3 for a text console login and run level 5 for a graphical login.
Run level 6 is used to signal system reboot. This is just like run level 0 except a reboot is issued at the end of the sequence instead of a power off.
In the interests of completeness, there is also a runlevel ‘S’ that the system uses on it’s way to another runlevel. Read the man page for the init command (”For manpage click here”) for more information, but you can safely skip this for all practical purposes.
Run Levels Location
Like everything else in a Linux system, run levels are defined by files in the file system. All the run level files are found in the /etc directory according to the following table:
/etc/rc0.d Run level 0
/etc/rc1.d Run level 1
/etc/rc2.d Run level 2
/etc/rc3.d Run level 3
/etc/rc4.d Run level 4
/etc/rc5.d Run level 5
/etc/rc6.d Run level 6
Each defined run level should have an rcX.d directory where X is the run level number. The contents of the rcX.d directory determines what happens at that run level.
Change run levels in Debian and Ubuntu Linux
Before we change run levels it might help to find out which run level is current. Use the ‘runlevel’ command to tell you two things: The last run level, and the current run level. Here is the command and the output shown together due to the sparsity of the output:
# runlevel N 2
The ‘N’ stands for none, meaning there has been no run level change since powering up.
The init system controls run levels, but then again, the init system pretty much controls everything. The init system will be looked at in detail in a future article.
The primary command used to change run levels is ‘telinit’.
#telinit 3
telinit takes one argument on the command line. As always, see the man page for full details. Normally the argument will be one of: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6, or the letter ‘S’. As you may have guessed, the numbers correspond to the run level you wish to move to. Using the ‘S’, for single-user, is the same as the number 1, but don’t do it; the ‘S’ runlevel is intended for use by the UserLinux (Debian)system.
A note of caution is warranted here. You can easily use the telinit command to reboot (run level 6), or shutdown (run level 0) the system, but it is not recommended. Certain programs need special processing for an orderly shutdown. Bypassing the expected shutdown sequence can have dire effects on your data. Older _Unix_ systems are especially sensitive to shutdown/bootup operations.
The preferred method for a serious runlevel change is ’shutdown’. There are easier mnemonics, but in a running system they all point to the ’shutdown’ command. You can use the ‘halt’, or ‘poweroff’ command to stop a system and the ‘reboot’ command to restart your system. In each case they call the ’shutdown’ command with different parameters.
If you wanted runlevel 3 to be the default, then you need to edit /etc/inittab.
# The default runlevel.
id:2:initdefault:
You’d change the ‘2′ to a ‘3′. Next time you reboot, your system will start in runlevel 3. There will be no display manager running in runlevel 3, because you turned it off. Therefore, runlevel 3 will become text only, and it will be the default. If that’s what you want to do.
Adding a new service
You can only add a new service to the boot sequence if a script in /etc/init.d exists. In that case the following command will install it with default settings (foo being the name of a script in /etc/init.d).
#update-rc.d foo default
Removing a service
A service may only be removed after the script in /etc/init.d as deleted already. If so, the following command will remove its references (foo being the name of a script in /etc/init.d).
#update-rc.d foo remove
If you want to remove a service without removing the start/stop script as well, you may consider using the file-rc package and editing the runlevel configuration file /etc/runlevel.conf. When using the SysV method you should rename the start/stop script, then call update-rc.d and then rename the start/stop script back to its old name.
Some of the content for this article source from here
